Linguistic Reading Response Paper on “The Celtic Languages”

It is interesting to note that the term ‘Celt’ is a linguistic term first mentioned in the writings of Greek and Roman ethnographers and historians (MacAulay, p. 2). My idea of the concept is that of a particular people with a distinct language who once inhabited Great Britain. It turns out that this language, generally known as Continental Celtic, has a range of dialects once spread out across the various peoples of Europe such as in Gaul and northern Italy, yet died out on the European continent a few centuries back. Celtic survived however, in the British Isles and in Ireland, which is quite a feat given the dominance of Latin and later English settlements. In terms of linguistic affinities, Celtic is recognized as an Indo-European language though it is of interest to note that experts regard it as having archaic features (MacAulay, p. 3), i.e. its lack of a fully developed infinitive, differentiation of gender in numerals 3 and 4, among others, sometimes attributed to its being a ‘peripheral’ language removed from an innovating center. Variations between the Celtic languages, i.e. Continental and Insular, appear to be a convoluted matter best left to linguists. Ultimately the evolved form of the modern Celtic languages has special typological features which are both archaic (conservative) and innovative. Locative structures used to express location and possession are utilized to express aspectual modes, which in turn cover the range of progressive, prospective and perfective aspects in Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, and optionally in British (MacAulay, p. 6). On the other hand, Breton and Irish have innovated based on their majority contact languages French and English, to develop new perfective constructions, as contact with these languages is a primary accelerating source of innovation in Celtic tongues. Thus, languages continue to evolve as its speakers, in the course of their interaction with those of other cultures, are exposed to foreign influences in the on-going social interface between peoples and nations in an increasingly globalizing world. Linguistic Response Paper on the â€Å"Creole Continuum† The so-called ‘Creole continuum‘ evolve in situations in which a creole coexists with its lexical source language and there is social motivation for creole speakers to acquire the standard so that the speech of individuals takes on features of the latter – or avoids features of the former – to varying degrees (p. 50). Considering that linguists for a long time were unsure on how to classify varieties with both creole and non-creole features, particularly the English-based varieties of the West Indies, it appears significant to consider that among the many Negro slaves in different parts of America, the jargon upon becoming the only language of the subject group, is a creolized language considered inferior to the masters’ speech yet nonetheless subject to constant leveling-out and improvement in the direction of the latter (Bloomfield, 1933, p. 474). Linguists such as DeCamp attempted to work out a theoretical model that could deal with variation in a sufficiently rigorous manner, in reaction to the transformational generative grammar coming to dominate American linguistics. The general usefulness of the continuum model gained wide acceptance by the mid-1970s, yet it is true that it fails to explain why Atlantic creoles in particular share so many structural features not found in their different lexical source languages (p. 58). Thus the shift back into a universalist theory giving primacy to language acquisition. Chomsky (1965) had proposed that children were born with a predisposition to recognize certain universal properties of language that facilitated their acquisition of the language of their particular speech community (p. 58). Yet such an assertion is still open to scholarly debate and argumentation. It would thus appear that the answer to the creole question remains elusive, despite advances in linguistic studies and theory. References MacAulay, Donald. â€Å"The Celtic languages: an overview†

Free Essays on Paradise Lost & Frankenstein

In the story Frankenstein and Milton’s epic Paradise Lost there are beings of enormous power. We often times give them the name gods. In Paradise Lost Milton’s god is the same God we all believe to be the one creator. The God who created Satan and booted him out of heaven. Through many a dark and dreary vale they passed, and many a region dolorous, o’er many a frozen, many a fiery alp, rocks, caves, lakes, fens, bogs, dens, and shades of death, a universe of death, which God by curse created evil, for evil only good, where all life dies, death lives, and Nature breeds, perverse, all monstrous, all prodigious things, abominable, inutterable, and worse than fables yet have feigned, or fear conceived, gorgons and Hydras, and Chimeras dire. (Milton lines 618-628) In Frankenstein, Dr. Frankenstein assumes the role of god and creates his own devil. Milton’s Satan had the idea of fun. He liked fun and fun got him kicked out of heaven. That’s when he got the idea that he would try his hardest to corrupt all of God’s creations. Satan does become successful as we read about Adam and Eve. He is able to tempt Eve with the fruit that in turn later gives it to Adam. Frankenstein created his own Satan, which later turned on him. His creation later basically corrupts his life by destroying it. Dr. Frankenstein becomes sorry for ever creating such a creature. Satan continues to fight against God. He seems to start off strong in his attempts to corrupt God’s creations. God always remains strong while Satan seems to wind down like a clock. What though the field be lost? All is not lost; the unconquerable will, and study of revenge, immortal hate, and courage never to submit or yield: and what else is not to be overcome? (Milton lines 105-109) Here Satan and his followers just get booted out of heaven for â€Å"shaking† God’s throne, and he sounds all fired up to go and make the best of the situation that appears hopele... Free Essays on Paradise Lost & Frankenstein Free Essays on Paradise Lost & Frankenstein In the story Frankenstein and Milton’s epic Paradise Lost there are beings of enormous power. We often times give them the name gods. In Paradise Lost Milton’s god is the same God we all believe to be the one creator. The God who created Satan and booted him out of heaven. Through many a dark and dreary vale they passed, and many a region dolorous, o’er many a frozen, many a fiery alp, rocks, caves, lakes, fens, bogs, dens, and shades of death, a universe of death, which God by curse created evil, for evil only good, where all life dies, death lives, and Nature breeds, perverse, all monstrous, all prodigious things, abominable, inutterable, and worse than fables yet have feigned, or fear conceived, gorgons and Hydras, and Chimeras dire. (Milton lines 618-628) In Frankenstein, Dr. Frankenstein assumes the role of god and creates his own devil. Milton’s Satan had the idea of fun. He liked fun and fun got him kicked out of heaven. That’s when he got the idea that he would try his hardest to corrupt all of God’s creations. Satan does become successful as we read about Adam and Eve. He is able to tempt Eve with the fruit that in turn later gives it to Adam. Frankenstein created his own Satan, which later turned on him. His creation later basically corrupts his life by destroying it. Dr. Frankenstein becomes sorry for ever creating such a creature. Satan continues to fight against God. He seems to start off strong in his attempts to corrupt God’s creations. God always remains strong while Satan seems to wind down like a clock. What though the field be lost? All is not lost; the unconquerable will, and study of revenge, immortal hate, and courage never to submit or yield: and what else is not to be overcome? (Milton lines 105-109) Here Satan and his followers just get booted out of heaven for â€Å"shaking† God’s throne, and he sounds all fired up to go and make the best of the situation that appears hopele...

Qu hacer cuando la ESTA para viajar a USA es rechazada

Qu hacer cuando la ESTA para viajar a USA es rechazada Los espaà ±oles y los chilenos, entre otras nacionalidades, pueden viajar sin visa a EEUU. Si llegan por aire o mar deben solicitar previamente por internet la autorizacià ³n que se conoce como ESTA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s. Pero puede suceder que la ESTA no sea aprobada o que sea revocada. En este artà ­culo se explica quà © hacer si el viaje no es autorizado a embarcar. Quà © es la ESTA La ESTA  es una autorizacià ³n electrà ³nica que permite a los ciudadanos de ciertos paà ­ses a viajar sin visa a Estados Unidos por un mximo de 90 dà ­as no que no se pueden alargar y cuando el objeto del viaje es hacer turismo, negocios o recibir atencià ³n mà ©dica. Este es el listado completo de paà ­ses cuyos ciudadanos pueden viajar sin visa. Verificar ese enlace para informarse sobre las nuevas reglas que afectan a los ciudadanos de esos paà ­ses con doble nacionalidad con ciertos estados y tambià ©n a los que han viajado a paà ­ses considerados problemticos. Adems tener en cuenta que podrà ­an viajar con la ESTA los ciudadanos de otro paà ­s en el que viven habitualmente pero que por la razà ³n que fuera, como por ejemplo por herencia de sus padres, tienen tambià ©n el pasaporte de uno de esos paà ­ses. Resultados que se pueden obtener al llenar el formulario de  la ESTA La ESTA se rellena por internet  en la pgina official del gobierno americano. Generalmente el resultado se conoce al momento y puede ser de tres tipos: Viaje autorizado. En este caso ya se puede viajar por aire o mar. Hay que tener un billete de ida y vuelta y se recomienda imprimir la autorizacià ³n porque contiene el nà ºmero de solicitud, que puede hacer falta posteriormente. Aunque la  aerolà ­nea no lo necesita, ya que el Departamento de Estado es la que se encarga de notificarla de que una determinada persona est autorizada a embarcar hacia Estados Unidos, algunas insisten en pedirlo.Autorizacià ³n pendiente. En este caso, volver a entrar en la pgina web pasadas 72 horas y se ver el resultado definitivo.Viaje no autorizado. Esto le puede pasar incluso a las celebridades de fama internacional, cuya causa ms comà ºn para no aprobase su ESTA o su visa es el consumo de drogas. Quà © hacer si la ESTA seà ±ala que el viaje no es autorizado Llenar un formulario para iniciar el proceso para solicitar una  visa de turista que se tramitar en la embajada o consulado correspondiente. El  oficial a cargo tendr la à ºltima palabra para decidir  si la concede o rechaza la peticià ³n. En este à ºltimo caso, y dependiendo de la razà ³n, ser posible solicitar un perdà ³n o waiver para los casos de inadmisibilidad. Sin embargo, para las razones que convierten a una persona en inelegible no hay posibilidad de pedir perdà ³n. Cules son las razones por las que la ESTA no autoriza el viaje Las razones pueden ser varias, como haber estado previamente en Estados Unidos y no salir a tiempo, aunque el retraso sea de sà ³lo unas horas. Tambià ©n puede haberse dado el caso de que se hubiera impedido el ingreso en una fecha anterior, por razones varias, como por ejemplo, por estar ingresando con demasiada frecuencia.   Tambià ©n puede ser porque previamente se ha denegado una visa, esto es relativamente comà ºn en el caso de personas con doble nacionalidad, que piden un visado con un pasaporte y cuando es rechazado intentan viajar a EEUU con el pasaporte espaà ±ol y la ESTA. Otra causa puede ser la condena por determinado tipo de delitos u otras muchas causas que hacen a una persona inadmisible para entrar a USA.   Por à ºltimo la ESTA puede negarse o el ingreso a Estados Unidos cuando se viaja con dicha autorizacià ³n cuando la intencià ³n de su titular es casarse en el paà ­s con un ciudadano americano o con un residente permanente legal y quedarse mientras se arreglan los papeles mediante el denominado ajuste de estatus. Y es que la intencià ³n con la ESTA no puede ser casarse. Y si bien es cierto que actualmente se permite un camino para que puedan arreglar los papeles las personas que se casan en Estados Unidos con estatus de turista, no es menos cierto que hay muchos problemas si no se respetan ciertos plazos. A tener muy en cuenta El fin de viajar a EEUU sin visa es turismo, negocios o atencià ³n mà ©dica. Por lo tanto, las personas que la utilizan para estudiar inglà ©s a tiempo completo por unas semanas tienen que saber que se arriesgan a tener problemas migratorios, porque no estn cumpliendo con la ley. Les corresponde una visa de estudiante.Asimismo, los periodistas, artistas, actores y atletas que desean viajar a EEUU por motivos profesionales deben pedir sus visas correspondientes.  Por supuesto que si se ingresa a Estados Unidos con una ESTA no se puede trabajar. Si se hace, se est cometiendo una violacià ³n migratoria que, si se descubre o se sospecha, puede tener consecuencias graves.En realidad, tampoco se puede ingresar al paà ­s con una ESTA cuando la intencià ³n es buscar trabajo. La intencià ³n es, afectos de leyes migratorias, muy importante ya que si las autoridades creen que existà ­a esa intencià ³n puede haber problemas.Tener una ESTA no garantiza la entrada en Estados Unidos. Al llegar a las Aduanas y Fronteras el oficial de inmigracià ³n tiene la à ºltima palabra para decidir quià ©n entra. Es importante saber que en la actualidad una de las causas principales  por la que se deniega la entrada en las aduanas es que van a estudiar y para eso necesitan una visa que no tienen. Recomendacià ³n para aprender jugando Toma este test de respuestas mà ºltiples para asegurarte de que sabes lo fundamental sobre viajar sin Visa. Porque el conocimiento es la mejor forma de evitar problemas. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Dust storm in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dust storm in China - Research Paper Example He, indeed, has showed an aversion to industrially produced because of the biological, chemical and industrial pathogens which can cause serious diseases and grave illness. Therefore, he prefers personally foraged food produced in natural setting. But in this industrial age, since industrially produced foods are much cheaper than the foods produced in a natural setting, modern people are in a dilemma whether they should eat those organic/ personally foraged foods which are â€Å"floating on a sinking sea of petroleum† or not. But the question which arises here is: Is Michael Pollan aware of the fact that the nature itself has been polluted with the man-made chemical and biological industry? Natural disasters like dust storm in China have showed ample evidences in support of this claim that nature itself has been severely polluted by chemical and biological pollutants. Therefore, Pollan’s hope to get pollution free food from nature is also diminishing day by day. The Ind ustrial and Chemical Pollutants in the Dust Storm in China Dust storm in China is considered as a natural and meteorological event which occurs normally in the arid and semi-arid areas of the world. It is caused by a gust of wind which blows dust particles, sands and dirt from the dry plains. Dust storm ferries these particles with a geographical process of transportation, called â€Å"saltation and suspension† which involves moving the dust particles from one place to another through the air. It may occur in any part of the world where there are vast dry plains containing loose dust particles on the surface. It also occurs in China. Referring to the occurrence of dust storm in China, Gou and Xie comments, â€Å"North-west China lies in the inner part of the Asia-Europe continent, the climate is dry and there are many winds and desert storms† (1619). But this dust storm in China is far more different from those in other parts of the world in terms of its threat to heal th. Researches show that the dust storms in China are more threatening to human health because of the industrial chemical pollutants they ferry, as referring to the threats posed by the Dust storm, Chiu and his co-authors note, â€Å"However, statistically significant associations were found between ADS events and hospital admissions for primary intra-cerebral hemorrhagic stroke† (778). Because of the recent rapid industrial growth, China is releasing more industrial pollutants to its environment than ever. Though natural particles such as sand, earth particles, etc are less harmful to human health, the industrial pollutants such as sulfuric components, industrial ashes, vehicular lead, carbon monoxide, mercury, Zinc, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, copper, etc are seriously injurious to health. In this regard, they say, â€Å"Many epidemiologic studies have provided evidence of an association between airborne particles and daily mortality†¦Fine particles typically contain a mixture of soot, acid condensates, and sulfate and nitrate particles. They are derived chiefly from combustion of fossil fuels† (Yang et al, 817). Scientists assert that naturally these components remain in composite forms which are not so much a threat to health. But due to the industrial growth of China, these carcinogenic materials are exhumed from the earth and used

VARK Learning Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

VARK Learning Styles - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  in reference to the VARK scores of the group, it is clear that my ideal and favorite learning techniques include visual and kinesthetic. In the visual assessment, I scored 25% as compared to the group/class score of9%.my kinetic score was 25% as compared to the class score of 21%. The group on the other hand did well on audio and reading techniques. The group/class score in audio assessment was 46% as compared to my 31% score. In audio assessment, the groups cored 24% while I scored 19%. These score differences can be explained through Fleming’s findings.  According to the report  individuals who perform well in the visual assessment are known to prefer assessments or evaluations that include diagram, grids, tables, and pamphlets. Individuals who perform well in Kinesthetic have been observed to prefer assessments that include illustrations, models, laboratory tests, academic expeditions, like to experiment on new things, prefer inc orporation of their own logic and intelligence in learning.  Fleming’s findings showed that individuals who perform when presented with debates, arguments, tutorials, harangues, and dialogues.  These are characteristic of group techniques of erudition. Those individuals who perform well in reading and writing assessments fancy using references in-print, thesis, and instruction booklets, and prefer doing research through the internet.  ... In the visual assessment, I scored 25% as compared to the group/class score of9%.my kinetic score was 25% as compared to the class score of 21%. The group on the other hand did well on audio and reading techniques. The group/class score in audio assessment was 46% as compared to my 31% score. In audio assessment, the groups cored 24% while I scored 19%. These score differences can be explained through Fleming’s findings. Individuals who perform well in the visual assessment are known to prefer assessments or evaluations that include diagram, grids, tables, and pamphlets. Individuals who perform well in Kinesthetic have been observed to prefer assessments that include illustrations, models, laboratory tests, academic expeditions, like to experiment on new things, prefer incorporation of their own logic and intelligence in learning. This explains why I did well in visual and kinesthetic. Results from Fleming’s study showed that individuals who perform when presented with debates, arguments, tutorials, harangues, and dialogues (Fleming and Bauma, 2006). These are characteristic of group techniques of erudition. Those individuals who perform well in reading and writing assessments fancy using references in-print, thesis, and instruction booklets, and prefer doing research through the internet. These techniques are easily and effectively accomplished as a group and that’s why the group performed well. Advantages and disadvantages of the different learning styles The main advantage of visual erudition is the fact that an individual is able to follow and grasp issues promptly. The disadvantage of this technique of learning is that some features and aspects of a certain topic

Most Popular Alcohol Brands Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Most Popular Alcohol Brands - Assignment Example According to the research findings, priority 1 is ensuring that the consumers have full access to the information about the brands, both new and existing ones. Action Step: Hanging advertisement posters, displays and any other relevant information about the quality of the unpopular brands. Objective: To persuade as many customers as possible to taste and continue buying the unpopular alcohol brands. Priority 2: Ensuring full participation of staff and senior management in enhancing sales of the unpopular brand. Action step: Educating the entire staff about marketing and promotional activities. Objective: To create a competitive team that will promote high sales from inside the store to the alcohol market. Priority 3: Pricing, marketing strategies, and time of this operation. Action step: Â  Conduct market research about the prevailing alcohol prices and set a cheaper price for the product. Develop the marketing strategies and determining the period that the whole exercise will take.

Soap Operas Essay Example for Free

Soap Operas Essay Soap operas use issues from everyday lives to attract an audience. In this study I will be researching the issues and topics from which soap operas create storylines, for example marriage, divorce, death and teen pregnancy. I will look at the way different soaps look at these issues from various perspectives because the hypothesis is that the soap Coronation street will tackle issues in a more older perspective but the soap Hollyoaks will tackle issues in a younger view. Audiences have many reasons why they watch soap operas. Escapism is a big reason; people choose to watch soaps to look lives other than their own. It helps viewers to see that their lives may not be as bad as the characters on television. In addition, sometimes people need to fantasise about the good things in life, and it gives them hope that it might happen to them. Soap operas also make audiences feel happy and enjoy the storylines, they get involved in whats happening, so they watch more and more. Every soap opera needs an audience: without an audience there would be no need for soap operas, so their job is to make sure they keep their audience interested. Soap Operas have to keep them interested by writing storylines on everyday issues, similar to those which audiences have to deal with in their own lives. These issues help people to consider what to do if they need to deal with them. Soaps look at these issues differently, in different ways, in different environments, and with different ages, in order to react to reach their target audience. Looking at Coronation Street and Hollyoaks, both have completely different settings and characters. Coronation Streets is the longest running television soap opera. The first episode was released in 1965, 40 years ago. It is set in Manchester, Weatherfield in fictional industrial town, it has a middle and lower class setting for that particular audience. It is aimed at middle and lower class people because that is the biggest population in that area, as upper class are just a minority group. The programme is broadcast at either 19. 30 or 20. 30, 5 times a week. This is when families get home from work and sit down and relax in front of the television together. But the target audience are more late teens to old pensioners. So with this type of audience issues need to cover different ages, to interest different generations; children, teenagers, parents, and grandparents, but also both genders and Coronation Street try to cover this. On the other hand Hollyoaks is set in Chester; it was first begun in 1995. It is broadcast at 18. 30 5 days a week and with an omnibus on Sunday at 9. 15. This is called the Hangover Zone, the morning after a Saturday night, most people that occur in this zone tend to be 18- 30 years old so again the issues need to cover for this range of audience. The Omnibus is significant because teenagers and older people may miss the episodes in the week as it is at 6. 30 when people are still at work. The soap is at 18. 30, this is a time when older people are still at work or travelling home so the soap needs to tackle issues very differently because it looks at young teens young adults rather than the older generation. However some people do not consider the show to be a serious drama when compared with the bigger soaps such as Eastenders and Coronation Street, partly due to its reputation for hiring numerous attractive, blonde, ratings-grabbing actresses. The settings of both soaps are very different too. Coronation Street is set in a traditional street with a corner shop, a pub, a very local neighbourly place where everyone knows everyone and their business this is where all the conflict comes in, and the audience become familiar with the characters. Whereas Hollyoaks, Chester is a bigger setting of a village not just a street. It includes a pub, a shop, a nightclub, a school and most important a university. The characters are mostly young and beautiful, so there is many two faced people, where most of the conflict happens. Looking at different characters from both soaps, you see how different some characters are and some similarities there are. Two characters a have been looking at are coronation streets Sally Webster and Hollyoaks new character Kathy Barnes. Both characters are mothers of two teenage girls, and push their girls into doing things that they want, not what their daughters want. Sally Webster is a very pushy person who always wants things to go her way. A big story line recently is between her and her14 year old daughter Rosie. After finding out her daughter was sleeping with boyfriend Craig Harris, Sally forces Rosie to take the morning after pill, she also insists that Rosie and Craig split up. Being teenagers, they disobey and continue to stay together without Sally or husband Kevin Webster knowing. This storyline is very dramatic and covers an issue which concerns a lot of parents today. As an audience you see different views of the parents and the children and it shows a way of dealing with this kind of issue, or not choosing this way of dealing with the issue in the way characters have. Both Sally and Kathy have similar roles being parents of two girls and wanting the best for them. Kathys recent storyline in Hollyoaks has shown similar way of wanting the best for her children. She has recently been pushing her daughter into training extremely hard at swimming. Daughter Sarah loves her swimming but her mum has been making her hobby into something she doesnt want to do. This storyline may show people that pushing your child hard into doing something can push them away from you. This shows that even though both soaps are very different they still have similar storylines and characters. This is because of the audience, even though the audiences are slightly different they both use these storylines towards the younger audiences and both soaps deal with everyday issues and both have shown this. Another two characters I have been looking at are soap star Leanne Battersby and Mandy Hutchinson. Both characters are a similar age but live two very different lives. Leanne is a troublesome girl. Ever since she was a teenager she was mouthy and still hasnt changed. She has been married but that ended and she has also been in the wrong crowds, fleeing coronation street but returning in 2004. She then got into a relationship with newcomer Jamie Baldwin but later started sleeping with his father Danny behind his back. After him finding out and leaving Leanne she is now in a relationship with Danny Baldwin and trying to still be devious and ruin peoples lives. Comparing Leanne to Hollyoaks character Mandy Hutchinson, we can see that she is quite the opposite. Mandy is wife to Tony and mother to Antonia. Mandy owns the nightclub The Loft and with her degree in business studies from HCC, she and Tony own a lot of businesses in Hollyoaks. In the past, Mandy has been with many different guys and with the loss of her father, brother, mother and step father, she became quite alone but with the help of her husband Tony she is now back on her feet with her own new family. Even though both characters are the same age they lead very different live. Audiences see both soaps very differently in the different actors for both soaps. Some people do not consider Hollyoaks to be a serious drama when compared with the bigger soaps such as Eastenders and Coronation Street, partly due to its reputation for hiring numerous attractive, blonde, ratings-grabbing actresses.