Black Women in Rap Essay -- Essays Papers

Back That Ass Up: A Discussion of Black Women in Rap †¦You can put it in your mouth I said your mothafuckin mouth I said your mothafuckin mouth And you could just eat me out What do ya choose to lick? You could eat me out Pussy or dick? Within the booming business that has become the rap world, certain musical themes and issues are more prevalent than most. In addition to such topics as drugs, alcohol and police brutality, a dominant theme within rap music is the denigration and derision of women. Indeed, as the above lyrics to Akinyele's song â€Å"Put It in your Mouth† illustrate, many male rappers use violent and misogynistic lyrics to create an image of women that is both degrading and disgusting. The graphic and shocking nature of this particular type of rap causes it to be widely publicized, and thus it serves as a definition of rap for a majority of people today. However, there are a number of female artists within the rap music genre spreading messages of female empowerment and respect, not denigration. These female artists, often ignored due to the hype surrounding their male counterparts, use their lyrics to create raps which focus on life as women; dealing with issues of love, power, and discrimina tion. The face of women in rap culture is both multi-faceted and contradictory. The rap world has many different dynamics, including economics, racism, sexism, and violence. How do these relate to black female rappers? What is the role of the feminist rapper within rap culture? What is the message of black female rappers and how is that conveyed within their music? Why are women exploited, i.e. verbally demeaned and abused within rap songs; being turned into objects of sexual violence and denigratio... ...â€Å"Music in African American Culture.† Mediated Messages and African American Culture: Contemporary Issues. Ed. Venise Berry, Carmen L. Manning-Miller. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1996. Mies, Maria. Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale: Women in the International Division of Labour. New York: Zed Books, 1998. Roberts, Robin. â€Å"Ladies First: Queen Latifah's Afrocentric Feminist Music Video.† African American Review. 28.2 (1994): 245-257. Rose, Tricia. Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America . Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 1994. â€Å"Never Trust a Big Butt and a Smile.† Black Feminist Cultural Criticism. Ed. Jacqueline Bobo. Malden: Blackwell Publishers, 2001. Ya Salaam, Kalamu. â€Å"It Didn't Jes Grew: The Social and Aesthetic Significance of African American Music.† African American Review 29.2 (1995): 351-375.

American Romanticism

The Literary movement and story I decided to choose was American Romanticism, and â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorne. American Romanticism is a literary period in American Literature that lasted from sass to sass. The movement itself started off as an offshoot of the European Romanticism artistic movement, â€Å"It arose as a reaction to the formal orthodoxy and Neoclassicism of the preceding period. It is marked by a freedom from the authority, forms, and conventions typical in Neoclassical literature.It replaced the neoclassic emphasis on reason with its own emphasis on the imagination and emotions, and the neoclassic emphasis on authority with an emphasis on individuality, which places the individual at the center of all life†(Cooperate). The American Romanticism movement began after the Revolutionary war ended when America wanted to separate themselves from Britain and the European form of Romanticism. American authors wanted to separate themselves from Bri tain and Europe because they wanted to be their own country and not looked at like the â€Å"little brother† country.One quote that shows that America wanted independence from Britain and Europe is, â€Å"It emerged within the United States after the Revolutionary ar when it was connected with the aspiration to forge a distinctive cultural identity correlative with the revolutions unprecedented political and social achievements†(Pease). If it was not for the Romanticism movement in Europe, and Britain, and the Revolutionary war, America would not have had the important American Romanticism literary movement.Many of the early authors who started the American Romanticism movement had close ties to the European form of Romanticism. There was two generation of American Romanticism authors, the first generation of authors were William Bryant, Henry Headwords, Henry Longfellow, James Cooper, and Catherine Sedgwick. The movement itself is about expressing individuality, emoti ons, and creativity which caused Americans to write about the American wilderness, science, and other creative ideas that tapped into their heads.American Romanticism has many major themes, some are highly imaginative and subjective, Emotion intensity, Escapism, common man as the hero, and nature as a refuge or source of knowledge. The second generation of American Romanticism authors were had a few very well known authors that started the movement like Nathaniel Hawthorn, Edgar Allen Poe, Ralph Wald Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Margaret Fuller and, and Herman Melville. The authors were to separate themselves from the European movement, â€Å"Their representation of the new nation as basically innocent and purged of old world vices†(Pease).The authors also wrote stories about the conflicts of exploring nature. The second generation of authors wrote short stories, and books about exploring nature, philosophy, and the conflicts of science which made them different than the fir st generation of authors. Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on July 4, 1804 and died in 1864. The famous author as born in Salem Massachusetts into a family whose ancestors were among the earliest of settlers. Hawthorne was born into a Puritan family, which meaner he was raised in a very strict lifestyle.After Hawthorne father died in a boating accident, Hawthorne and his mother then moved to Maine to live and work on a farm, â€Å"Hawthorne was the son of a sea captain when Nathaniel was four years old†(The Columbia Encyclopedia). When Hawthorne was nine years old, he suffered a severe injury leaving him hurt and immobile for three years, and this is when it was made clear that Hawthorne loved to read and write. Since Hawthorne could not move because of his injury, he started to read and write major, and he decided to become an author.Hawthorne attended Bowdon College from 1821, to 1825, and after graduating from Bowdon College Hawthorne decided to follow his dreams to publish an d write short stories, and novels. His first story he published was â€Å"The Collection Twice-Todd Tales†, published in 1837, and was found to be liked by Hawthorne, and only Hawthorne. After failing miserably, and having no confidence, Hawthorne got a Job at the U. S. Custom center house in Boston. Hawthorne only spent two years working at the center house to save money to move to Broke Farm for six months.In 1842 Nathaniel Hawthorne married Sophie Peabody who was familiar with Emerson, Thoreau, and Margaret Fullers writings. The married couple then moved to Concord where Hawthorne wrote â€Å"Mosses From the Old Manse,† then to Salem where he wrote his best known book, â€Å"The Scarlet Letter. † In these books Hawthorne started using his own themes and styles of writing, â€Å"Set in the 17th Century Puritan New England, the novel delves deeply in the human heart, presenting the problems of moral evil and guilt through allegory and symbolism.It is often con sidered the first American psychological novel. â€Å"(The Columbia Encyclopedia) What made Hawthorn's stories beautiful was every character had a different drive to find their destinies than any other stories published in the American Romanticism movement. Many of Hawthorne' short stories showed themes of ironic consequences, and how the desire for perfection can turn out very badly. Hawthorne would start the story of by showing the readers the characters doing something good, but the characters would always end up in bad situations.A short story that shows irony, and how Hawthorn's characters end up in bad situations is called â€Å"The Birthmark. † â€Å"The Birthmark† is about a scientist named Laymen who decided to leave science for spiritual reasons. â€Å"It was not unusual for the love of science to rival the love of a women†(Hawthorne 215). Laymen persuades a beautiful woman, who all the guys chase, to marry him. While he was married to Georgian, Layme n found the most slightest imperfection on her face, a birthmark annoying and ugly. Georgian was perfect except for the birthmark on her face that resembled a hand.The birthmark on Georgians face made Laymen think that she was not perfect, while the est. of the guys thought she was perfect besides the fact she had a birthmark that resembled a hand on her cheek. Laymen wanted to change Georgians imperfection through science because he wanted to â€Å"perfect† his wife. No matter the consequences Laymen wanted to challenge nature with science, and also change the culture. Laymen makes a potion that Georgian drink that makes the birthmark on her face start to disappear, but as the birthmark starts to disappear Georgian passes away.Georgian passes away because the birthmark on her face was the only thing that made her human, and peeping her in the human world because perfection cannot be obtained in a human, and without the birthmark on the cheek she was not human anymore. In Ala meda addiction for perfection, he lost his beautiful wife, and before he could think twice about what he did, Georgian was dead. This was very ironic because Laymen wanted to do something good by taking away the birthmark on her face, but ends up killing her on accident In American Romanticism some themes included culture of some form, nature, science, or the nature of perfecting something.Hawthorn's story â€Å"The Birthmark† wows how a man tries to perfect nature, but does not realize the consequences there was to trying to perfect something that cannot be perfected. Throughout the story Laymen was obsessing over Georgians birthmark, while other men of the story were saying how perfect she was with the birthmark, â€Å"If she were my wife, old never part with that birthmark† (Hawthorne 219). I believe that Hawthorne is trying to say that nothing is made to be perfect, so one should not try to perfect things that should not be perfected.I feel as though Hawthorne fath er dying is the reason behind some of the important deaths in his stories. Hawthorne writes about nature because it is something he has been interested in, and was a theme of American Romanticism. Hawthorne showed some other themes in â€Å"The Birthmark† like nature, science, the pursuit of perfection. Laymen was a scientist that wanted to perfect nature, even when more than half of his experiments have failed, he still tried to take the birthmark off of his beautiful wife's cheek.Laymen strives to get the birthmark off of Georgians cheek so much that he started to have dreams about ripping out her heart because he was obsessing over trying to perfect nature. Throughout the story it wows that Georgian Just wanted to please Laymen even though she thought that her birthmark resembled her, and all the guys loved it. Since Laymen started obsessing over the birthmark and hating it, this made Georgian start to hate the birthmark herself too, even though she knows that other men in the world find her birthmark beautiful.Since Laymen was being selfish and Just thinking about himself and perfecting nature he lost love, and his wife Georgian. In â€Å"The Birthmark† there is a spot in the story where Laymen obsesses over the birthmark on Georgians cheek so much, that he had a dream where he ripped out ere heart, â€Å"Laymen now remembered his dream. He had fancied himself with Indaba, attempting an operation for the removal of the birthmark.But deeper went the knife, the deeper sank the hand, until at length its tiny grasps appeared to have caught a hold of Georgians heart; whence however, her husband was inexorably resolved to cut it or wrench it away'(Hawthorne 217). I feel like this shows that no matter what Laymen did, he needed to take the birthmark off of Georgians face, even if that did mean he would have to take out her heart to do so. What Hawthorne is trying to say in his story is that not one man in the world could perfect tauter, and one sho uld not try because no one knows the consequences of doing so.Nathaniel Hawthorn's story â€Å"The Birthmark† showed themes of American Romanticism by showing how culture and nature are different. Hawthorne shows that Laymen wanted to perfect nature, even when nature did not want to be perfected. â€Å"The Birthmark shows how no one can control, and perfect nature without having dire consequences that could end up killing people. You can see how events in Hawthorn's life effected his writing, and how it influenced his publication in the American Romanticism movement. American Romanticism The American writers tried to figure out what ‘American’ could mean—they were out to find a unique personality, a separate identity to the American literature, and the way of life, that was distinctly American and not British. This struggle fired them and took them to the portals of creativity. Their vision was to outgrow the concepts of guilt, evil, salvation, providential aspects of Puritanism, and search about the fiery rhetoric of equality and freedom. In the glorious years of 1850-1855, emerged writers like Emerson. The materialistic approach unavoidable in the circumstances then prevailing cost America the mind and the spirit.To blend 150 communities into a Nation was not an ordinary job. Writers like Emerson, moved away from the influences of stern dogmas and looked out for new spiritual roots. Materialistic theories for education were resisted. Truth is a matter of intuition and individual experience, and it transcends the borders of reason. Human beings n eed to follow the dynamic spirit, without destructive approach. Good literature must not go by the rules and it should appeal to the heart. To such writers Christ in the heart was more important than the cross on the neck!The ideas of Cultural Revolution became popular, even though many did not understand its exact definition and implications. The ‘clash’ of writes of the time continued; they influenced each other, though each denied such influence to assert their right as romantic individualists. Poe (who died in 1849) wrote about Emerson in his works, Emerson bought his writings to a creative boil etc. The hero of American Romanticism was Emerson, the literary giant, who kindled the creative fires in his time. He touched all the sensitive parts of the American psyche. The sentiments of an individual on the same topic vary from time to time.An authentic quality about thinkers and genuine writers is that they are willing to think; give room to accommodate; willing to ac cept, when necessary and reject outright, when required to do so. Emerson’s ‘Moral Sentiment’ and Poe’s ‘Poetic Sentiment’ often clash. Emerson viewed Poe as a man of dissipation. This is just short of telling that he is an evil-incarnation. He also considered Poe as a man of stern reasons, without heart. Poe was the genius of imaginative literature, but he lacked humanity, so essential for the standard of living and standard of life of the society.The evil influences of Satan in the writings of Poe were seen by many contemporary writers, including Emerson. Soon other writers began to narrow down the margin of difference between the writings of Emerson and Poe. The gap between Poe’s â€Å"poetic sentiment† and Emerson’s â€Å"moral sentiment† was much narrower. Critics created such a controversy and erected artificial barriers without going into the merits of the case. The spirit of the age to which the poets and wr iters live counts a lot and it has profound influence on their writings. The ‘generation gap.’ in the wide sense does the trick. Also, their ideas on relationship between art and morality, were actually of little consequence, once the influence of time-element is deleted from their views and writings. Viewed impartially, Emerson’s â€Å"Moral Sentiment' and Poe's â€Å"Poetic Sentiment† are the alternative beats of the same heart. Both wish to transcend the borders of reason, as they are aware that the bliss of truth is available for experiencing only when the last hurdle of the mind is crossed. Experience divinity through moral sentiment or poetic sentiment—it is one and the same!It is reasonable to assume that once they reach the ‘beyond the mind’ state, the poetic sentiments and the moral sentiments merge, because in essence, they are one and the same. The mind level critics can not understand Emerson or Poe! Their position is like the Surgeon in the allegory! He once questioned a Realized Soul, â€Å"Revered Master, I am a surgeon of international reputation. In the course of my professional duties, I have cut each and every part of the human body. But I haven’t seen your God anywhere! † â€Å"Is it so? † asked the Realized Soul, â€Å"Then you must have at least come across human emotions like love, anger, greed, etc.when you performed those operations! †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The perplexed Surgeon said, â€Å"These are mind-level emotions. How can one see them? † Now it was the turn of the Realized Soul to deliver the clincher. He said, â€Å"You are unable to see the emotions, which belong to the domain of mind. How can you see God, for experiencing whom, you need to transcend the borders of mind and enter the realm of divinity? † In fact, both Poe and Emerson wrote from the level of progression of their minds, and the time-element played an important role, as they tried to give the verbatim report of their intuitive experiences.Even the narrowest differences at the highest level become wide disagreements. It is not correct to conclude that Poe and Emerson always thought on identical lines. Apart from the above two sentiments, there are wide, irreconcilable differences between the two. Art takes the secondary position as far as Emerson is concerned. His main concern is Over-Soul. Art is just means to an end. For Poe, it is the end in itself. While asserting thus, he touches the portals of spiritual realm, but refuses to cross the last barrier of the mind.Perhaps it is this search for eternal truth that kindles the curiosity of Poe to create romantic hero like Auguste Dupin Poe is the undisputed ancestor of a detective genre of stories. The search in a fiction and real search in individual lives invite comparison. The reason for crime-perpetration (evil) is the age-old investigative querry of humanity. His detective story â€Å"The Murder in the Rue Morgueà ¢â‚¬  (1841) is the case in point. In this story Poe describes about the same pairs of opposites that govern and dominate human life, good and evil, which are important biblical subjects.Even today Dupin is the most admired and popular detective character. The most important asset of Dupin is his capacity for observation and ability to draw correct conclusions. His analytical mind was his natural gift which he used intelligently to arrive at decisions. Poe created this unique character when the detective genre of literature did not exist. One can observe similarities between the traits of seeker of truth and the detective Dupin who wishes to get at the truth of complicated issues. The time-element and the historical background have the dominant influence on the writings of an author.Viewed from this angle Emerson belonged to the volatile time of the American History, when the American society was going through convulsions. Such situations fire the mind of a creative author. Emerson has been hailed as the greatest prose writer of this century. There are solid grounds why Emerson’s essays are all-time greats. Such writing is possible for a brilliant mind, one who has the warm-heart and above all, one who has touched, and at times crossed the borders of reason-transcended the mind-barrier to enter the portals of divinity. He has definitely experienced the flashes of divinity within him!The sum and substance of his essays is– life is to be lived in its trials and tribulations its duty and beauty with total respect and surrender for the Over-Soul that looks after the smallest and biggest actions and aspirations of an individual. Don’t seek concession, but make relentless efforts for Self-Realization, argues Emerson. The important themes depicted in Emerson’s ‘Circles’, are too profound for the ordinary mind to comprehend. Theme number one is, there are no fixed points and the second one, that the key to every man is his tho ughts.The import of the first point can be understood not by intellectuals but by the spiritually-oriented. The concept is equivalent to that of Maya (a Sanskrit word, roughly translated-illusion) of the Advaita (Non-dualism) Philosophy of the East, more specifically India! By arguments and counter-arguments, this point can not be proved, and therefore the rationalistic mind would not accept this. For example, when Bertrand Russell said, â€Å"Mental fear creates God,† it actually doesn’t make any difference to God! Russell is speaking from his mental level.Emerson, talking about the essential and real nature of things can be explained through an example: Howsoever powerful and big may be the waves in an ocean, their essential nature is mere water! Mind is nothing but the bundle of thoughts. When the thought process is changed, the action process is also changed. When the thoughts are changed, the mind is changed, when the mind is changed; the man is changed; when the man is changed, the society is changed. There are inconsistencies in our perception and in our capacities for articulating ideas—this is bound to happen.Everyone speaks from the level of his progression, as cited in the example of Bertrand Russell, above. Such capacity is inborn as well as acquired. When Poe posits the figure of Auguste Dupin, whose perspective appears to supersede all partial perceptions, one needs to understand that he is thinking from the level of his perceptions about life. That can’t be and need not be truth. Poe’s conception of final intelligence is comparable with Emerson’s assertion that such finality is unattainable through the process and methods of intelligence and reason.That is the transcendental experience to be experienced, and no words can describe it for understanding by the masses. It is the level of unspeakable truth. It is the sweetest sound —the silence within! Auguste Dupin is an analytical genius. How come he became the genius? What is the secret behind his extraordinary abilities? Dupin lives in isolation, he is a completely detached individual, and this detachment gives him the extra power of close observation and he comes to correct conclusions. Police are in the middle of everything and are habituated to work in noise pollution (of the mind?) But Dupin works in ‘silence. ’ By depicting this style for working, Poe castigates the various social institutions, which are incapable of providing proper facilities and full justice to the people. Dupin is not attached to anybody and he is working without the motivated desires. =============== References Cited: Emerson, Ralph Waldo: Essays & Poems Emerson (Everyman's Library) Publisher: Orion Publishing Group, Ltd. (March 15, 1995) Poe, Edgar Allan: Thompson G. R. (Editor): The Selected Writings of Edgar Allan Poe (Norton Critical Editions) Publisher: W. W. Norton; 1st edition (April 2004)

Open and Prosperous Trade with South Africa - 1442 Words

Introduction South Africa has enjoyed since the early 90s open and prosperous trade between there international relationships. The ruling party however has been under the spotlight for majority of their duration in power. In the duration of the ruling parties last term there has been many changes; new competitive political parties were formed, service delivery strikes have risen tremendously, youth have lost faith in the government and literacy and education has been criticised globally.Based on research previously done discussing the key parties for the 2014 elections and status of the countries international trade the report will discuss the implications from the 2014 elections that will affect the global view and standing of the country. First to addressed is the new parties and their role in the 2014 election. An in depth look at the trade economic relations between the nation will be discussed and what the implications are globally if the ruling party loses of their power in parliament. Las tly to be discussed will be the ionternational relations between the nation and its counterparts and how the 2014 election outcome could impact the global standing of the nation. Key Political Parties South Africa has been run by the African National Congress for 20 years, without any real competitor challenging them. According to the daily maverick the motives for voters to cast their ballad for a particular party in the 2014 election will not be because of race as it was in theShow MoreRelatedGrowing and Emergin Economies: South Korea1116 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction South Korea’s growing and emerging economy offers multinational companies the option of conducting business globally. 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Essay about The Holocaust World War Two - 1816 Words

The Holocaust: World War II The Nazis and their collaborators accounted for the execution of over six million Jews in World War II. In 1933 the twenty one countries that Germany would come to occupy as a result of the war, were occupied by nine million Jews. By 1945 two out of three of these Jews were heartlessly executed. Adding to these victims, Hitler targeted social outcasts such as homosexuals, the disabled, and Gypsies. Poles and Slavs were targeted for their labor, and Soviets faced death by the millions as prisoners of war. Still more, political and religious leaders were exterminated because they were seen as threats. The Holocaust was an example of†¦show more content†¦Hitler’s next step was to find a scapegoat for Germany’s post war decline. Wrongly identifying the Jewish religion as a race, Hitler saw them as inferior and spread hateful propaganda to pose Jews as a threat to the German â€Å"superior race† (Lewmin, A Cup of Tears: A diary of the Warsaw Ghetto 134). Between the years 1933 and 1935 any clinically diagnosed handicap was involuntarily sterilized by surgery or radiation. Nazis got away with this because they convinced others that the handicap were burdens to society financially and were overly time consuming. After Nazi finished sterilizing the handicapped they moved on to Gypsies and people of mixed racial background disabling them from childbirth and marriages with other Germans. By the end of 1933, and Hitler’s first year in power, Germany was starting to see the first signs of concentration camps. Over thirty thousand Jews were systematically arrested, round up, and sent to camps as an attempt to segregate them from the rest of the population. If there was an accused homosexual, the person was subject to trial, and possibly convicted to camps for anti-social activities. Jehovah’s Witnesses were targeted because their religion did not allow them to swear an oath to the estate and therefore, serve in the German military. 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Nazi ideology lead to theRead MoreWorld War I And II1057 Words   |  5 PagesTwo of the most agonizing periods in the 20th century, World War I and II, left a lasting impact on society economically, politically, and socially. As we have read in detailed archives on both world catastrophes, the nature in which violence shaped society after the war varied greatly. Ernst Jà ¼nger in Storm of Steel shares his heroic memoirs from fighting on the German front in World War I. Art Spiegelman tells the very personal and emotional story of his father, a survivor of World War II’s HolocaustRead MoreThe Aftermath Of The Holocaust1048 Words   |  5 Pages2015 The Aftermath of the Holocaust Introduction With the end of World War II, came the end of the Holocaust. The aftermath of the Holocaust has had a profound affect on non-Jewish and Jewish survivors who tried to rebuild their lives in society such as the country of Israel gaining statehood. It has changed the way people set up society and the way government functions in certain countries such as Germany following the Holocaust. The Holocaust didn t effect just the world from the time of 1933-1945Read MoreNegative Effects Of The Holocaust1466 Words   |  6 Pagesdeath is preventable and one fails to prevent its occurrence, is he at fault? During and after the Holocaust, citizens of the United States pondered this question in the context of Jewish refugees murdered in Nazi Germany; ultimately, citizens remember this tragic genocide and promise it will not happen again under any circumstances, not only in America, but in other nations as well. Since the Holocaust, leaders and lawmakers in the United States have analyzed the causes that led to this event and designedRead MoreTaking a Look at Holocaust Revisioni sm1459 Words   |  6 Pagesto the population of Missouri. This event is known as the Holocaust. During this genocide, the Nazi party in Germany tried to eliminate the whole jewish population. In the process of doing so they killed some six million innocent people. The Nazi Party nearly wiped out the entire Jewish population, leaving very few to carry on with religion and personal accounts of living through the Holocaust. For generations the facts about the Holocaust have been taught so that nothing like this terrible event

Free Essay Freedom Requires Sacrifice - 1753 Words

Violet Heffernan Mrs. Gray English 1, Period 3 25 October 2017 Freedom Requires Sacrifice The man stood there in remorse, silently he thought about everything he has the potential to do, for a moment the thoughts inside him froze, and disappeared into uncharted space. His world was being torn away from him, and the worst part was he wasn’t able to experience what, not only himself but of human beings are capable of. He had a sudden longing to overcome his society s wrongs, a new person was beginning to emerge from the lifeless body that has been encasing his competence. The one that wanted comfort, music, dance and love. The one that wanted sin. Dystopias imitate a utopia, or balanced society they dangle the idea of perfection but never†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"His mind reeled. Now, empowered to ask questions of utmost rudeness-and promised answers-he could, conceivably (though it was almost unimaginable), ask someone, some adult, his father perhaps: Do you lie? But he would have no way of knowing if the answer he received was true.† (Lowry 71) In this quote main character Jonas gets his first taste of freedom. This said thing was coming to him from such far-off territory that he does not even know what to do with the information. Worlds where you are stripped from all personality, and originality, the things that make you who you are. On the other hand, the story of Harrison Bergeron really makes you think about the wrongs that take place. Everyone is not necessarily made equal from the start they are deprived of their originality, they are forced to be torn away from who they are by wearing handicaps but are still named equal. â€Å"They were equal in every which way. Nobody was smarter than anybody else. Nobody was better looking than anybody else. Nobody was stronger or quicker than anybody else. All equality was due to the 211th, 212th, and 213th Amendments to the Constitution.† (Vonnegut 1) Where does that lead? 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Factors and Barriers for Small Businesses

Question: Discuss about the Factors and Barriers for Small Businesses. Answer: Introduction The aim of the paper is to critically analyze an article titled Key success factors and barriers for small business: comparative analysis published by Barkhatov, Pletnev and Campa. The paper analyzes the situations of small businesses in Europe and Russia, their problem and outlook. The case study analyzes the problems of small businesses in Russia and Europe in relation to unemployment, corruption and legislative systems. The case studies analyze the operations of small businesses and its impact on the economy. It is useful to understand the operations of small businesses in order to improve and modify the life of small businesses. Small businesses play an essential role for not only the economy but also have an impact on the social life of individuals (Barkhatov et al., 2016). 1: Challenges and barriers of small business: The small businesses are weak and are greatly affected due to slow economic growth. The issues identified by the author in the field of small businesses in Europe are as follows: The problem of unemployment: The states with higher small business enterprises have high rate of unemployment. Crisis in small business sector leads to higher unemployment rate. This is the main challenge faced by the country. Small business sectors are more fragile than large business sectors (Eid El-Gohary, 2013). Corruption: another challenges or problems with the small businesses identified by the author are that of corruption. Corruption greatly influences the life of small businesses. The problem of corruption directly affects the small businesses as it makes it difficult for them to survive and grow. Corruption only benefits the larger business enterprises. It makes it difficult for the small businesses to access funds for agriculture, subsidies for youth development and business development. It is essential to overcome corruption as it can create a situation of natural monopoly that will make it difficult for the small enterprises to survive. 2: Research problem and problems discussed in article: In order to carry out the research and analyze the problems of small businesses in Europe and Russia it is essential to evaluate the data on various macro indicators. The data is collected using both the primary and secondary research. The primary data is collected by preparing a questionnaire for the entrepreneurs of each country to evaluate the relationship between private and public sector. The secondary data is collected from the government official and statistics websites of each country such as OECD. All the data collected is analyzed in order to find out the problems of the small business enterprises on Europe and Russia (World Bank Group, 2013). The data is collected from Eurostat database that is then converted in terms of percentage. The research problem is to analyze the data of different countries to find out the issues and challenges related to small business enterprises. The only problem identified with the research is that data for the year 2015 and onwards is not avai lable. Hence, the case study is based on the data from last year until the year of publication. Research objectives: The aim of the research is as follows: The first objective is to analyze the current situations of small business enterprises, their problem and outlook in Europe and Russia. Another objective is to evaluate the strategies that will help the small businesses to improve. The objective of the case study is to analyze the problems and barriers related to small business enterprises. The report analyzes factors that is essential to create a change on the economy by changing the functioning of the business enterprise. The research objective is achieved systematically and scientifically. The paper first evaluates the objectives of the research. The author mentions the methods used for the analysis of data d data collection procedure. The article is explained systematically covering all the point of objectives systematically. The problems and challenges of small business enterprises are identified using various macroeconomic indicators of countries (Tricker, 2014). Small businesses are companies with less than nine workers. Small business enterprises are fragile and weak and get easily affected by the global economic crisis or the slow economic growth. The factors that greatly affect small business enterprises according to the author of the article are corruption, unemployment, bureaucratic system and legislative system of the economy. Small businesses not only play an important role in the economy but also affect the social life greatly. Small business is an important part of the economic system as it is used to fulfill the needs and services of rural areas and regions in urban areas. Small businesses help in creating a competitive advantage by producing products at lower prices for the people (Cavusgil et al., 2014). Decentralization of economic power helps the smaller businesses generates a larger portfolio of products. A large variety of products is produced by small enterprises that give consumers a larger opportunity that ultimately helps in improving their satisfaction level (Peng, 2016). Outcomes of indices of Eurostat The case study is based on the data collected from Eurostat. The data is collected on the level of unemployment, personal income tax, corporate tax, corruption and various other indices. Various other sources such as OECD, Transparency international are used o collect the data. The data that is available is before 2015 until the year of publication. These data are then analyzed using various statistical tools. The outcomes of the data collected is that the problems with small businesses is different in Russia and Europe. The problem with business in Russia is internal while in Europe it is external (Business demography Eurostat, 2016). The study has helped the author in analyzing the problems with the small business enterprises and the factors or strategies that can be used to overcome the problems and challenges. The case study helped in knowing the economic conditions of different countries. This will help the author in building his career, as the economic situation of various countries is already known. The case study has helped in understanding the business conditions of different countries. So if the author wants to establish a business in Europe or Russia it will help in knowing which areas it should focus on in achieving growth and targeted profit. The case study is especially useful for the people who are planning to establish a business in Europe or Russia. The case study helps in understanding that the establishment of small and middle business enterprises will help in solving the economic problem. Conclusion Hence, it can be concluded that the main aim of the paper was to analyze the challenges and barriers of small business enterprises in Europe and Russia. The main problems or barriers is that is high unemployment rate, corruption and poor bureaucratic system. Both the secondary and primary data has been used or the analysis. References Barkhatov, V., Pletnev, D., Campa, A. (2016). Key Success Factors and Barriers for Small Businesses: Comparative Analysis.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,221, 29-38. Business demography - Eurostat. (2016). Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 15 October 2016, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/structural-business-statistics/entrepreneurship/business-demography Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. e.V., T. (2016). How corrupt is your country?. Transparency.org. Retrieved 15 October 2016, from https://www.transparency.org/cpi2014 Eid, R., El-Gohary, H. (2013). The impact of E-marketing use on small business enterprises' marketing success.The Service Industries Journal,33(1), 31-50. Peng, M. W. (2016).Global business. Cengage learning. Tricker, R. (2014).ISO 9001: 2008 for Small Businesses. Routledge. World Bank Group (Ed.). (2013).Doing Business 2014: understanding regulations for small and medium-size enterprises(Vol. 11). World Bank Publications.

A Date With Kosinski Essay Example For Students

A Date With Kosinski Essay A Date with KosinskiBeing James Bond is every mans dream. The beautiful women, fancy cars, dangerous journeys, and beautiful women. Many men would love to be in his place where all the danger and excitement take place. We dont have that capability to become an international spy, but in the novel, Blind Date by Jerzy Kosinski, we are exposed to a life similar to that of James Bond. He goes through secret negotiations. Jerzy Kosinskis use of words greatly contributes to the novels excellence. He forces the reader to imagine everything that happens in the novel using very descriptive words and phrases. The main character of the novel is George Levanter. He poses as an investor and a playboy. Blind Date is in fact almost rated X novel because Levanter makes love to many women through his whole life, all of which are described in detail in the novel. Kosinski writes Levanter as a secret man and many times never revealing who he really is inside. Whats interesting about the novel is that K osinski and Levanter share many things in common. Kosinskis life and memories are scattered throughout the book giving the reader a window to see his life through the eyes of Levanter. Jerzy Kosinski was born in Lodz, Poland in 1933. Kosinski was separated from his parents shortly after Nazi Germanys invasion of Lodz, and the fear and violence that he experienced during World War II left a scar on his soul. Shortly after the war, Kosinski was reunited with his family. Kosinski studied sociology and political science at the University of Lodz. At the age of 24, he left his homeland and established a new culture in the United States, where he taught himself the English language in 4 months. Kosinskis life truly is present in the novel. He writes about moving, being out of place, and looking for love, all of which describes Levanter. After moving to the United States, Kosinski started to write and publish novels and sociology books. He is known for his vivid imagination and his use of words to show the reader what he writes about. Robert E. Ziegler says: Kosinskis work is a fictional construct, a textual triumph of the imagination . . .. He is a master of words, always picking the right ones to make the reader experience the book instead of just reading it. An author who shows me the story through writing is much more interesting than a book that doesnt. The novel is filled with both excitement and imagination. Kosinski plays with the words and produces a great novel. In the novel Blind Date, he explains the life of Levanter, an investor, who invests his time and energy in dealing with life. Levanter experiences many things we would never think of doing. From the beginning to the end of the story, the reader is exposed to sex, negotiations, and more sex. Levanter makes loves to six different women in the novel including one episode with his mother. Levanter is a man who loves women and loves to be around friends. His friend Romarkin had been a friend with him since he was a young man. They met at the International Youth for Peace Festival and hit it off. Levanter and Romarkin had worked together . . .sponsored and organized by the government party (Kosinski 40). From that point on, he was closely attached to him. Together they attended political meetings and enjoyed casual sex with a robot. The novel has no real plot line. It is a novel about his experiences in life and how he deals with th em. Levanter is a very secret man. He loves to manipulate the minds of others and control them. In one instance, he is out skiing in the Alps one morning when he catches sight of a woman struggling to make her way down the slope. The three men with her pay no attention to her. After taking a picture of the whole thing, Levanter then helps the lady up and begins to question her. He discovers that the woman was an inexperienced skier. Levanter advises her out of danger and then threatens the men that he will develop the pictures and expose them to the Authorities of ValPina. .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 , .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .postImageUrl , .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 , .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:hover , .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:visited , .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:active { border:0!important; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:active , .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839 .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4fcc560906d1bc8d7fc372b928ecc839:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: September 11 in International Relations Theory EssayThis young lady will walk all the way down, and you will carry her skis. Ill be around to make sure that nothing happens to her. It she is hurt, I have taken enough photographs to have all three of you arrested and charged by the authorities in ValPina (Kosinski 28). Levanter shows his that he helps whenever people are in need. This woman was also beautiful and desperate for help. Surely enough, Levanter came to her rescue and saved her from the 3 other skiers. Levanter is not always heroic. Levanter travels many times in the book. He goes to the U.K. and the United States. While in the United States, Levanter goes through a state-paid program, Youth Movement. Here Levanter meets Oscar, a 17 year-old rapist. Levanter was the first one to know about the twelve victims that were raped by Oscar. Oscar carefully teaches the art of raping to Levanter who, at the age of 15, uses the technique on some beautiful longhaired blond in the woods. The details in the chapter horrifying and disgusting. Word by word, Kosinski carefully describes the whole ordeal. Sad painful, Levanter only refers to her as Nameless. The narrator Levanter and author Kosinski recall the life and death of their mutual friend Woytek. The memories are painful, an attempt to preserve in text and release from memory the slaughter of Woytek Frykowski at the hands of the Manson Family in 1969, says Paul Lilly, Jr. Kosinski uses Levanter to express the emotions he went through. Tough to deal with, Levanter cannot face his pain. The death of his friends was incomprehensible to Levanter. He tried to make himself believe that they had all died in a crash in a sports car or were buried in a house in one of the landslides so common in the area (Kosinski 182). For the first time in the novel, Levanter expresses deep feelings for another person. After the killings, Levanter is restless and alone. Just like Levanter, Kosinski must have felt devastated and angry. Levanter never spoke of the incident to anybody and left it deep in his mind, always trying to forget the horrible day. The title of the novel carries significant importance in the development of the story. Kosinski cleverly chooses the title to sum up, in two words, Levanters whole philosophy of life. Joseph McLellan says: It is a warning that, given the staggering proportion of violence in our society, life is, at best, uncertain-we might not live through the very next moment, our next blind date, so to speak. Blind Date refers to Levanters life: he has a Blind date with life. Levanter wakes up each morning not knowing how the day will turnout. Levanter goes through life not knowing whom he will meet of where he will end up by the end of the day. In one instance, when Levanter was a young adult, his father was ill and was hospitalized. Not knowing whether his father was to live or die, Levanter waited each day for the phone to ring on word of his fathers condition. One morning the phone rang and Levanter was in his room undressed and his mother in the shower. As the phone rang, not enough time to dress, Levanter got up and ran to the phone. His mother, thinking that Levanter was unaware that the phone was ringing, got out of the shower and ran to the phone. There, mother and son saw each other, naked. One thing led to another and for 20 years, they had a sexual relationship together. This was a very awkward moment for Levanter and he kept his feelings for her bottled up and set it behind his mind. Levanter undergoes several experiences in his life, all of which build Levanters character. .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf , .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf .postImageUrl , .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf , .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf:hover , .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf:visited , .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf:active { border:0!important; } .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf:active , .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3236b7559bbe5864fae99da68f305ccf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reconstruction EssayKosinski develops an interesting man, a very secret and clever speaking man. George Levanter is a small investor goes through life experiencing life itself. Like James Bond, he meets powerful figures and negotiates deals with them and meets many different beautiful women who he has sex with. Levanter is a very unique individual. He travels around the world and something always exciting happens. Kosinski, a Polish writer, uses Levanter as a way to give the reader a view of his life. Kosinski writes in text some of his experiences that he went through like the Manson killings. Blind Date is significant because Levanter, and everyone else, has a blind date with life, not knowing what will come up in the future. Moreover, Kosinski writes the novel in a very descriptive manner. Everything in the novel is clearly explained in great detail. As said in his book It was nothing but an old Polaroid snapshot: no negative, photographer unknown, camera thrown away (Kosinski 182). Everything remembered is in the mind of the reader. Paul R. Lilly, Jr. Vision and Violence in the Fiction of Jerzy Kosinski. The Literary Review Spring 1992: 389-400. Rpt. In the Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Sharon Hall. Vol. 53. Detroit: Gale Research. 1984. 223. Robert E. Ziegler. The Romance of Terror and Jerzy Kosinski. The University of North Carolina Press 1998: 177-267. Rpt. In the Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Sharon Hall. Vol. 53. Detroit: Gale Research. 1984. 216. Joseph McLellan. Playing at Life Book World-The Washington Post March 7, 1982: 7. Rpt. In the Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Sharon Hall. Vol. 53. Detroit: Gale Research. 1984. 224. Book Reports